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The discovery and investigation process of sea rice
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Time:2017-08-10 14:38
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Sea rice is salt-tolerant and high-yielding rice that can grow in seawater. On the basis of the existing naturally-surviving wild rice with high salt-tolerance, genetic engineering technology is used to select for industrialization, the salinity is not less than 1% under seawater irrigation, which can grow normally and Rice varieties whose yield can reach 200-300 kg/mu.
On October 14, 2016, 30 acres of sea rice scientific research and breeding base was established in the northern part of Jiaozhou Bay, with a project start-up fund of 100 million yuan. Based on the output value of 200-300 kilograms per mu, it can increase the output of grain by 50 billion kilograms and feed about 200 million more people.
discovery process
In 1986, when Chen Risheng led a survey of mangrove resources in Zhanjiang, under the leadership of Professor Luo Wenlie, he found a rice plant taller than a human and that looked like a reed but with ears on the seashore of Yanchao Village, Chengyue Town, Suixi County. There is a small thorn on the top of the ear, which peels off the fruit in the ear and is red-colored grains like rice and wheat. At that time, Professor Luo urged him to accept 522 seeds for breeding, and continue the sea rice seeds to this day.
Investigation process
In 2009, the Suixi County Bureau of Agriculture reported to the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences that a special kind of rice was found there, which was characterized by "growing in Haikou tidal flats without pesticides and fertilizers, named Changmaogu". Pan Dajian, director of the Rice Genetic Resources Research Office of the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and head of the National Germplasm Guangzhou Wild Rice Nursery, went to Yanggan Town, Suixi County, to investigate the tidal flats near the Beibu Gulf. The results of the investigation are: Longmao Valley is a local variety, which is more salt-tolerant than other rice varieties, and it is recommended to be preserved as a germplasm resource. At the same time, it also propagated the rice seeds and sent them to the National Seed Bank for preservation. For Chen Risheng's "Haidao 86", Pan Dajian said that from the reported photos, it is not much different from the identified "Jangmaogu".
In 1986, Chen Risheng and his teacher Luo Wenlie accidentally discovered a plant of rice with awns in Suixi County. They immediately determined that it was an important material and saved it for research. Since then, what it has done has been to "protect" this stubborn rice plant that is planted from generation to generation, and continue to reproduce and screen it every year. Finally, "Sea Rice 86" was selected and bred.
In 2012, Chen Risheng took the "sea rice 86" to the Shenzhen Institute of Crop Molecular Design and Breeding, and obtained Nipponbare rice material from Professor Deng Xingwang of the institute. In the following two years, he used "Haidao 86" as the male parent and Nippon Haru as the female parent for hybridization experiments, and placed the offspring on the beach in the saline-alkali soil to verify its application value. But the ideal hybrid has not yet been bred.
On October 20, 2013, an on-site inspection meeting of sea rice experts from the Ministry of Agriculture was held in Zhanjiang. The inspection meeting was initiated and invited by the Seed Management Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture. Experts from Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, and China National Rice Research Institute participated. The expert team made a special trip to the beach of Yanchao Village, Chengyue Town, Suixi to inspect the sea rice grown by Chen Risheng.
On October 18, 2014, Ma Guohui, deputy director of the National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, and other experts from the Ministry of Agriculture went to the "sea rice 86" planting area, Hutoupo, Huangzhai Village, Chengyue Town, Suixi County, Guangdong Province to conduct an on-site inspection. The variety is tolerant to salt and alkali, but whether it is wild rice, whether it can grow in seawater and other issues requires further verification. Ma Guohui has a bold guess, believing that the seeds of conventional cultivars may have been scattered on the seashore. After years of domestication, they have adapted to the local beach environment. The inspection site found that the planting area of this species showed signs of seawater flooding, and it did not grow in the sea during the entire growth period.
On October 27, 2014, Yang Wenqing, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences who has been engaged in the protection of agricultural wild plants for a long time, also came to the planting field of "Sea Rice 86". After carefully observing the plant, leaf, leaf tongue, leaf ear, grain and other traits of the variety, he came to a preliminary conclusion that "it is not like wild rice in terms of morphology", but said that cytological identification is still needed. Before leaving, Yang Wenqing dug two sea rice plants and planned to take them to Beijing for identification.
The seeds were sown in April 2017 and harvested in the fall of 2017, so that representatives of Qingdao citizens can taste sea rice next fall. Academician Yuan Longping himself spends at least three months in Qingdao doing research on sea rice.
growth habits
Sea rice will be submerged after high tide. The rice at the filling stage has a blue-white ear and a height of 1.7 meters. Sea rice is salt-tolerant and high-yielding rice that can grow in seawater. On the basis of the existing naturally-surviving wild rice with high salt-tolerance, genetic engineering technology is used to select for industrialization, the salinity is not less than 1% under seawater irrigation, which can grow normally and Rice varieties whose yield can reach 200-300 kg/mu.
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